Optimal Placement and Capacity of Battery Energy Storage System in Distribution Networks Integrated with PV and EVs Using Metaheuristic Algorithms

In this research, the optimal placement and capacity of battery energy storage systems (BESS) in distribution networks integrated with photovoltaics (PV) electric vehicles (EVs) have been proposed. The main objective function is to minimize system costs including installation, replacement, operation maintenance BESS. replacement cost has considered over 20 years while are incurred by transmission line loss, voltage regulation, peak demand. To solve problem, three metaheuristic algorithms, namely particle swarm optimization (PSO), african vultures algorithm (AVOA), salp (SSA), employed. proposed approach evaluated on IEEE 33- 69-bus PV EVs. results provided algorithms compared terms function, efficiency enhancement, payback period, statistical analysis. simulation show that after BESS profile can be improved, loss reduced, demand decreased where PSO provides best values AVOA achieves fastest periods both systems.